The selection principle of oil-based cutting fluid and water-based cutting fluid
The lubrication performance of oil-based cutting fluid is good, but the cooling effect is poor. The lubrication performance of water-based cutting fluid is relatively poor and the cooling effect is better than that of oil-based cutting liquid. What principles should be followed when choosing oil-based cutting fluid and water-based cutting fluid?
1, the pursuit of processing quality and tool life of the occasion to choose oil-based cutting fluid. For example, broaching, gear processing, thread processing, precision hole processing and so on. These are mostly medium and low cutting speed precision forming processes, the requirements for surface quality and tool life are generally higher, the lubricity of oil-based cutting fluid is better, the effect of inhibiting chip accumulation and scale thorns is significant, the ability to prevent the adhesive wear of the tool is strong, and it is easy to obtain better surface quality and long tool life.
2, the pursuit of processing efficiency of the occasion to choose water-based cutting fluid. In high-speed cutting, the heat generated in the cutting zone is large, and the resulting high temperature will accelerate the wear failure of the fixture and the thermal damage and deformation of the workpiece. High-speed cutting generally does not produce chip nodules and scales, and the expectation on the lubricity of the cutting fluid is not as large as that in medium and low speed machining; At the same time, because the higher the cutting temperature, the more likely the oil-based cutting fluid to produce smoke, fire and other environmental health and safety problems, so the use of water-based cutting fluid with good cooling performance.
3. Oil-based cutting fluid is selected for finishing, and water-based cutting fluid is selected for roughing.
4. Use oil-based cutting fluid in the following situations:
1) From the point of view of maintenance, precision precious machine tools choose oil-based cutting fluids with stable physical and chemical properties (to prevent corrosion, rust, and obstacles to the movement of moving parts, etc.).
2) The lubrication system and hydraulic system of the machine tool are not tightly sealed, and the cutting fluid is easy to cause the deterioration of the lubricating oil and hydraulic oil after mixing.
3) Limited by waste liquid treatment facilities and processing capacity, oil-based cutting fluids have to be used to reduce waste liquid emissions.
4) The use of oil-based cutting fluid is specified in the instructions for the use of machine tools.
5. Water-based cutting fluid is selected in the following situations:
1) The use of oil-based cutting fluid is prone to smoke and potential fire hazards.
2) The tank capacity exceeds the limit allowed by the fire code, so that the application of oil-based cutting fluid is limited. Figure 4 Engraving machine water-based cutting fluid
3) Starting from the environmental health in the workshop, it is required to reduce the splashing and dripping of oil leading to dirty occasions around the machine tool.
4) From the perspective of the process before and after the process, it is hoped that the use of water-based cutting fluid is unified.
5) Due to high oil prices and unstable supply, water-based cutting fluid has to be used to reduce costs and risks.
Of course, these are just general principles, and there is also the problem of using ideas and habits. With the advancement of high-speed cutting technology, the proportion of water-based cutting fluid will continue to increase from the perspective of operational safety and health. On the other hand, because of the short service life of water-based cutting fluid and the frequent discharge of waste liquid, as people pay more and more attention to environmental protection, oil-based cutting fluid, especially oil-based cutting fluid with good biodegradation performance, will receive more and more attention.
